Marjorie L. Pappas and Ann E. Tepe stress the fact that their Pathways to Knowledge model (introduced 1977) not be viewed merely as a series of steps but as a non-linear process of reassessing and reflecting on each step. Pappas and Tepe shaped the inquiry-learning model to enable students to actively construct knowledge as they seek answers to questions. The model emphasizes the essential features of the research process to be questioning, reflection, authentic learning, and non-linearity.
The six stages in Pathways to Knowledge Model are as follows:
- Appreciation
- Behaviors include listening, sensing, viewing, curiosity, imagining
- Presearch
- Behaviors include establishing a focus and exploring relationships
- Search
- Behaviors include identifying information providers and selecting resources
- Interpretation
- Behaviors include assessing usefulness of information, reflecting to create personal meaning, and employ critical thought to interpret the information
- Communication
- Present new knowledge to others
- Evaluation
- Behaviors include thinking about the process used and the resulting product
- Evaluation occurs at each stage of the non-linear process
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In Pappas and Tepe’s Pathways to Knowledge Model one can see ties to a constructivist learning theory and the shift towards student centered learning in the Appreciation stage which assumes that the research process will be greatly enhanced if students are engaged in the research question that will be investigated.
Websites:
Pathways to Knowledge
Follett Software Company maintains a website that includes a detailed tutorial related to their model for those interested in further investigation of the Pathway’s to Knowledge model. However, the pages are slow to load, and the site has not been updated recently.
Book:
Pappas, Marjorie L. and Ann E. Tepe. Pathways to Knowledge and Inquiry Learning. Greenwood Village, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 2002.
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